Feasibility of therapeutic drug monitoring of sunitinib and its implications on response and toxicity in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). High variability in pharmacokinetics coupled with a proven exposure-effect relationship makes sunitinib an ideal candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The feasibility of TDM of sunitinib in patients with mRCC was evaluated in this prospective observational study in a real-world scenario.

Methods: Seventy patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib at a fixed dose of 50 mg per day were enrolled in the study. Total trough plasma level (TTL) of sunitinib (sunitinib and its active metabolite, SU12662), was measured between days 14/15 of cycle 1. The discriminatory potential of TTL of sunitinib for the prediction of responders and occurrence of grade ≥ 3 toxicity was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results: The median TTL of sunitinib was 76 ng/mL. Forty six out of 70 patients were evaluable for response, whereas 60 out of 70 patients were evaluable for toxicity. Threshold concentrations obtained from ROC analysis showed that TTL of 60.75 ng/mL and 82.3 ng/mL was discriminatory for response and occurrence of grade ≥ 3 toxicity respectively. 31/34 (91.7%) patients having TTL ≥ 60.75 ng/mL responded to treatment, while only 5/12 (41.6%) responded when TTL was < 60.75 ng/mL (P = 0.001). On the other hand, the incidence of grade ≥ 3 toxicity was 9/24 (37.7%) in patients with TTL ≥ 82.3 ng/mL compared to 4/36 (11.1%) in patients with TTL < 82.3 ng/mL (P = 0.024).

Conclusion: The TTL range of 60.75-82.3 ng/mL was found to be optimal in terms of safety and efficacy. More than 50% of patients in our cohort attained TTL of sunitinib outside the optimal range, thus demonstrating the feasibility of TDM to improve safety and efficacy of sunitinib in mRCC.

Keywords: Objective response; Receiver operating characteristic curve; SU12662; Sunitinib; Therapeutic drug monitoring; Toxicity.