Recombination drives the emergence of orf virus diversity: evidence from the first complete genome sequence of an Indian orf virus isolate and comparative genomic analysis

Arch Virol. 2022 Jul;167(7):1571-1576. doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05443-5. Epub 2022 May 11.

Abstract

Contagious pustular dermatitis is a disease that primarily infects small ruminants and possesses zoonotic potential. It is caused by orf virus (ORFV), a member of the genus Parapoxvirus. In this study, we evaluated an ORFV outbreak in goats in Madhya Pradesh, a state in central India, during 2017. The transboundary potential of this virus was evaluated by constructing phylogenetic trees. The complete genome sequence of an ORFV isolate named Ind/MP/17 was found to be 139,807 bp in length with 63.7% GC content and 132 open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by 3,910-bp inverted terminal repeats (ITRs). An investigation into evolutionary parameters such as selection pressure (θ = dN/dS) and nucleotide diversity (π) demonstrated that ORFV has undergone purifying selection. A total of 40 recombination events were identified, 21 of which were evident in the Ind/MP/17 genome, indicating its ability to generate new variants.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ecthyma, Contagious* / epidemiology
  • Genomics
  • Goats
  • Orf virus* / genetics
  • Phylogeny
  • Recombination, Genetic
  • Sheep