Emotional Stability and Anxiety Symptoms Differentiates People Leaving the Home Usually During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Rui M Joaquim; André L C B Pinto; Debora M Miranda; Rafaela F Guatimosim; Jonas J de Paula; Danielle S Costa; Alexandre P Diaz; Antônio Geraldo da Silva; Leandro F Malloy-Diniz

doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220205

Emotional Stability and Anxiety Symptoms Differentiates People Leaving the Home Usually During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2022 Apr;19(2):114-120. doi: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220205.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
² Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
³ Fundação Mineira de Educação e Cultura, FUMEC, Minas Gerais Brazil.
⁴ Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
⁶ School of Medicine, Porto University, Portugal.
⁷ Brazilian Association of Psychiatry, ABP, Brazil.
⁸ Associate Professor Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Abstract

Objective: The population's adhesion to measures to ensure social distancing represents a great management challenge in a pandemic context. Despite of evidence shown that social distancing is effective, lack of adherence still persists in many countries. Therefore, it is challenging to separate the effectiveness of government measures, from social distancing driven by personal initiatives. Theory: It is possible that the output of protective behaviors, such as adherence to protective measures and staying in social isolation, is influenced by individual characteristics, such as personality traits or symptoms of mental distress of anxiogenic nature. We hypothesized that individuals with more expressive symptoms of fear or anxiety would have a more protective behavioral tendency in terms of risk exposure, leaving less home during the pandemic. In contrast, individuals with greater emotional stability, as they feel more secure and with a lower perception of risk, could go out more often.

Method: A total of 2709 individuals from all regions of Brazil participated in the study (mean age = 42 years; 2134 women). Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between personality traits according to the big five model and Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI). Then, correlation analysis was performed to investigate how people that go out often differ from people that stay at home, in both symptoms and personality traits. Finally, to investigate the predictors for going out usually, we use multiple regression analysis, using gender, marital status, level of education, and personality traits.

Results: During the second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil, individuals with higher emotional stability tended to leave home more than those with more expressive levels of anxiogenic dysregulation. These results reinforce the role of both personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in prophylactic behavior during COVID-19 pandemics.

Conclusions: Individuals with greater emotional stability were more likely to leave home during the second wave of COVID-19 than those with higher levels of anxiogenic dysregulation.

Keywords: COVID-19; emotional stability; sars-cov-2; social distancing.