After a brief examination of the physical properties and biological effects on man of e.m. and u.s. type N.I.R., their most common fields of use in industry and medicine are described. The report goes on to examine the risks and possible damage that may be incurred by those who work with these radiations on the basis of their intensity and the type and distance of the source as well as their duration with particular reference to the so-called "target" organs. The hope is then expressed that regulations will be produced for the protection of these workers. Particularly as far as preventive medicine is concerned such regulations should be on the same lines as those formulated for workers with ionising radiations by Presidential Decree 185/64 in line with E.E.C. and I.C.R.P. recommendations.