Oral microbiome dysbiosis, triggered by increased oral pathogens or decreased commercial bacteria, leads to oral and systemic diseases. Recent ecological events suggest that periodontal disease is a risk factor of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The oral microbiome dysbiosis is believed to be associated with oral disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). However, the pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on how pregnancy associated pathogenic oral microbiome dysbiosis can trigger gestational periodontal diseases and poor birth outcomes, especially the role of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the mechanisms of how gestational periodontal diseases cause APO, and the effect of periodontal therapy during pregnancy on birth outcomes.
由牙周致病菌增多和共生菌减少导致的口腔微生态失衡是口腔疾病特别是牙周病的病因，也是众多系统性疾病的危险因素。病因学研究发现，妊娠期的牙周炎是不良妊娠结局如流产、死产、早产、低体重儿等的危险因素。虽然口腔微生态失衡和牙周病原菌被认为与不良妊娠结局密切相关，但其中的致病机制尚未完全明确。如何通过改善妊娠期口腔微生态环境预防不良妊娠结局一直是牙周医学的研究目标。为制订干预措施，了解孕期口腔微生物组的变化及其与不良妊娠结局的关系至关重要。本文分别从妊娠期口腔微生态变化，妊娠期牙周病与不良妊娠结局关系的相关机制，胎盘微生态与阴道及口腔微生态的关联证据，妊娠期开展口腔治疗对妊娠结局的影响等方面总结归纳新的研究进展，为进一步开展有效防治妊娠期牙周病及不良妊娠结局的研究提供参考。.