Within 8 months, 3 children from 1 family in northern Vietnam died from melioidosis. Burkholderia pseudomallei of the same sequence type, 541, was isolated from clinical samples, borehole water, and garden and rice field soil. Boreholes should be properly constructed and maintained to avoid B. pseudomallei contamination.
Keywords: Burkholderia pseudomallei; Vietnam; bacteria; bore water; borehole construction; borehole maintenance; melioidosis; waterborne diseases.