The majority of ruptured aneurysms are small with low rupture risk scores

Abstract

Background: Understanding the rupture risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysms has important clinical implications given the morbidity and mortality associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The ISUIA, UCAS, and PHASES studies provide rupture risk calculations.

Objective: We apply the risk calculations to a series ruptured intracranial aneurysms to assess the rupture risk for each aneurysm (had they been discovered in the unruptured state).

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 246 patients with SAH from a ruptured saccular aneurysm. The ISUIA, UCAS, and PHASES calculators were applied to each patient/aneurysm to demonstrate a theoretical annual risk of rupture dichotomized by aneurysm location.

Results: The average diameter of the aneurysms was 5.5 ± 3.1 mm. Three quarters (75%) of the aneurysms measured <7 mm and 48.8% were <5 mm. The anterior communicating artery (Acomm) was the most common location of rupture (24.7%). Posterior communicating artery aneurysms (Pcomm) were the third most common at 16.2%. The average ISUIA 1-year rupture risk was 0.46 ± 0.008%. The average UCAS 1-year rupture risk was 0.93% ± 0.01. The annualPHASESrupture risk was0.32 ± 0.004%. The highest risk locations were the vertebral artery (up to 10.3% per year) and superior cerebellar artery (up to 2.7% per year). On average, Acomm aneurysms had 1 year risk no higher than 1.1% and Pcomm aneurysms no higher than 1.2% per year.

Conclusion: We observed that in a small retrospective series of ruptured aneurysms, the majority were <7 mm and that the theoretical rupture risk of these aneurysms, had they been discovered in the unruptured state, is low (<1% per year). Our study has a number of limitations and these results should be validated in a larger multicenter study.

Keywords: ISUIA; Intracranial aneurysm; PHASES score; Rupture risk; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; UCAS.