Human coronaviruses: Origin, host and receptor

Guolu Tang; Zhenwei Liu; Dehui Chen

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105246

Human coronaviruses: Origin, host and receptor

J Clin Virol. 2022 Oct:155:105246. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105246. Epub 2022 Jul 21.

Authors

Guolu Tang¹, Zhenwei Liu², Dehui Chen³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
² Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: davidliu1988@126.com.
³ Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: cdh84@126.com.

Abstract

Coronavirus is a type of RNA-positive single-stranded virus with an envelope, and the spines on its surface derived its official name. Seven human coronaviruses 229E, OC43, SARS, NL63, HKU1, MERS, SARS-CoV-2 can cause both a mild cold and an epidemic of large-scale deaths and injuries. Although their clinical manifestations and many other pathogens that cause human colds are similar, studying the relationship between their evolutionary history and the receptors that infect the host can provide important insights into the natural history of human epidemics in the past and future. In this review, we describe the basic virology of these seven coronaviruses, their partial genome characteristics, and emphasize the function of receptors. We summarize the current understanding of these viruses and discuss the potential host of wild animals of these coronaviruses and the origin of zoonotic diseases.

Keywords: COVID-19; Emerging coronavirus; Host; Human coronavirus; Receptor; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
COVID-19*
Coronavirus 229E, Human*
Humans
SARS-CoV-2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics
Zoonoses

Substances

Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
spike protein, SARS-CoV-2