DNA fiber analyses to study functional importance of helicases and associated factors during replication stress

Abstract

Helicases, DNA translocases, nucleases and DNA-binding proteins play integral roles in protecting replication forks in human cells. Perturbations to replication fork dynamics can be caused by genetic loss of key factor(s) or exposure to replication stress inducing agents that perturb the nucleotide pool, stabilize unusual DNA secondary structures, or inhibit protein function (typically catalytic activity performed by a DNA polymerase, nuclease or helicase). DNA fiber analysis is a highly resourceful and facile experimental approach to study the molecular dynamics of replication forks in living cells. In this chapter, we provide a detailed list of reagents, equipment and experimental strategies to perform DNA fiber experiments. We have utilized these approaches to characterize the role of the Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) to protect replication forks in cells that are deficient in the tumor suppressor and genome stability factor BRCA2.

Keywords: Aging; BRCA2; Cancer; DNA fiber; Disease; Genetic interaction; Genomic stability; Helicase; Replication; WRN; Werner syndrome.