On the adsorption and reactivity of element 114, flerovium

A Yakushev; L Lens; Ch E Düllmann; J Khuyagbaatar; E Jäger; J Krier; J Runke; H M Albers; M Asai; M Block; J Despotopulos; A Di Nitto; K Eberhardt; U Forsberg; P Golubev; M Götz; S Götz; H Haba; L Harkness-Brennan; R-D Herzberg; F P Heßberger; D Hinde; A Hübner; D Judson; B Kindler; Y Komori; J Konki; J V Kratz; N Kurz; M Laatiaoui; S Lahiri; B Lommel; M Maiti; A K Mistry; Ch Mokry; K J Moody; Y Nagame; J P Omtvedt; P Papadakis; V Pershina; D Rudolph; L G Samiento; T K Sato; M Schädel; P Scharrer; B Schausten; D A Shaughnessy; J Steiner; P Thörle-Pospiech; A Toyoshima; N Trautmann; K Tsukada; J Uusitalo; K-O Voss; A Ward; M Wegrzecki; N Wiehl; E Williams; V Yakusheva

doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.976635

On the adsorption and reactivity of element 114, flerovium

Front Chem. 2022 Aug 25:10:976635. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.976635. eCollection 2022.

Authors

A Yakushev^{1

2}, L Lens^{1

3}, Ch E Düllmann^{1

2

3}, J Khuyagbaatar^{1

2}, E Jäger¹, J Krier¹, J Runke^{1

3}, H M Albers¹, M Asai⁴, M Block^{1

2

3}, J Despotopulos⁵, A Di Nitto^{1

3}, K Eberhardt³, U Forsberg⁶, P Golubev⁶, M Götz^{1

2

3}, S Götz^{1

2

3}, H Haba⁷, L Harkness-Brennan⁸, R-D Herzberg⁸, F P Heßberger^{1

2}, D Hinde⁹, A Hübner¹, D Judson⁸, B Kindler¹, Y Komori⁷, J Konki¹⁰, J V Kratz³, N Kurz¹, M Laatiaoui^{1

2

3}, S Lahiri¹¹, B Lommel¹, M Maiti¹², A K Mistry^{1

2}, Ch Mokry^{2

3}, K J Moody⁵, Y Nagame⁴, J P Omtvedt¹³, P Papadakis⁸, V Pershina¹, D Rudolph⁶, L G Samiento⁶, T K Sato⁴, M Schädel¹, P Scharrer^{1

2

3}, B Schausten¹, D A Shaughnessy⁵, J Steiner¹, P Thörle-Pospiech^{2

3}, A Toyoshima⁴, N Trautmann³, K Tsukada⁴, J Uusitalo¹⁰, K-O Voss¹, A Ward⁸, M Wegrzecki¹⁴, N Wiehl^{2

3}, E Williams⁹, V Yakusheva^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
² Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
³ Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
⁴ Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan.
⁵ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States.
⁶ Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
⁷ RIKEN, Wako, Japan.
⁸ University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
⁹ Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
¹⁰ University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
¹¹ Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
¹² Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
¹³ University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁴ Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Electron Technology, Warsaw, Poland.

Abstract

Flerovium (Fl, element 114) is the heaviest element chemically studied so far. To date, its interaction with gold was investigated in two gas-solid chromatography experiments, which reported two different types of interaction, however, each based on the level of a few registered atoms only. Whereas noble-gas-like properties were suggested from the first experiment, the second one pointed at a volatile-metal-like character. Here, we present further experimental data on adsorption studies of Fl on silicon oxide and gold surfaces, accounting for the inhomogeneous nature of the surface, as it was used in the experiment and analyzed as part of the reported studies. We confirm that Fl is highly volatile and the least reactive member of group 14. Our experimental observations suggest that Fl exhibits lower reactivity towards Au than the volatile metal Hg, but higher reactivity than the noble gas Rn.

Keywords: adsorption; element 114; nuclear chemistry; radiochemistry; recoil separators; superheavy elements.

Copyright © 2022 Yakushev, Lens, Düllmann, Khuyagbaatar, Jäger, Krier, Runke, Albers, Asai, Block, Despotopulos, Di Nitto, Eberhardt, Forsberg, Golubev, Götz, Götz, Haba, Harkness-Brennan, Herzberg, Heßberger, Hinde, Hübner, Judson, Kindler, Komori, Konki, Kratz, Kurz, Laatiaoui, Lahiri, Lommel, Maiti, Mistry, Mokry, Moody, Nagame, Omtvedt, Papadakis, Pershina, Rudolph, Samiento, Sato, Schädel, Scharrer, Schausten, Shaughnessy, Steiner, Thörle-Pospiech, Toyoshima, Trautmann, Tsukada, Uusitalo, Voss, Ward, Wegrzecki, Wiehl, Williams and Yakusheva.