Aflatoxins contents determination in some foodstuffs in Burkina Faso and human health risk assessment

Moumouni Bandé; Inna Traoré; Fulbert Nikiema; Naamwin-So-Bawfu Romaric Méda; Dissinvel S Kpoda; Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazié; Marceline Ouédraogo/Kagambèga; Inoussa Ilboudo; Ouambila Isidore Sama; Abdoul Kiswensida Müller Compaoré; Naa-Imwine Stanislas Dimitri Meda; Bernadette Pane Ouattara Sourabie; Hervé Hien; Élie Kabré

doi:10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100138

Aflatoxins contents determination in some foodstuffs in Burkina Faso and human health risk assessment

Toxicon X. 2022 Sep 20:16:100138. doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100138. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Authors

Moumouni Bandé^{1

2}, Inna Traoré³, Fulbert Nikiema¹, Naamwin-So-Bawfu Romaric Méda¹, Dissinvel S Kpoda^{1

4}, Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazié¹, Marceline Ouédraogo/Kagambèga¹, Inoussa Ilboudo¹, Ouambila Isidore Sama¹, Abdoul Kiswensida Müller Compaoré¹, Naa-Imwine Stanislas Dimitri Meda¹, Bernadette Pane Ouattara Sourabie¹, Hervé Hien⁵, Élie Kabré^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ National Public Health Laboratory, 09 BP 24 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.
² Jospeh KI ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
³ Research Institute of Health Sciences, 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
⁴ University Centre of Ziniaré, 03 B.P. 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
⁵ National Institute of Public Health, BP 10278 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Abstract

Aflatoxins are produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus that colonize many foodstuffs during agricultural production, harvesting, transportation, storage, and food processing. In view of these aflatoxins toxicity to humans, their presence in foods such as cereals and oilseeds constitutes a major challenge for global food security, health and nutrition. This study was therefore initiated to assess the level of aflatoxin contamination of various foodstuffs sold in urban and semi-urban markets in Burkina Faso, and to evaluate the carcinogenic risk which the consuming population is exposed to. Two hundred and twelve foodstuff samples were collected in two large cities (Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso) and three semi urban localities (Cinkansé, Dakola and Niangoloko). Aflatoxins contents in foodstuffs were determined by immunoaffinity chromatography and human health risk assessment was performed by using the Monte Carlo algorithm. The aflatoxins contents determination showed that 41.50% of studied samples were contaminated with concentrations up to 182.28 μg/kg for AFB1 in peanuts. Chronic Daily Intake, calculated based on the consumption patterns assumed in this study, was estimated to be higher in large cities (CDI = 33.68 μg/kg bw in Ouagadougou and 10.18 μg/kg bw in Bobo Dioulasso) than in semi urban localities (CDI = 4.29 μg/kg bw in Cinkansé, CDI = 0.39 μg/kg bw in Dakola and CDI = 0.18 μg/kg bw in Niangoloko). The MOE determination showed that the sorghum meal and whole grain maize consumption was associated to the carcinogenic risk for public health in large cities (the percentile 95 of MOE = 3316 for rice, 4511 for peanuts, 3334 for sorghum meal and 4530 for whole grain maize). In semi urban localities, no carcinogenic risk was observed to public health. These results should inspire the country's sanitary and agricultural authorities to undertake actions to fight against the agricultural food products contamination by aflatoxins in order to safeguard the population's health.

Keywords: Aflatoxins; Burkina Faso; Cereals; Health; Peanut; Risk.