Background Since March 2020, increasing numbers of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infections have been registered. The first and the second waves necessitated the extensive restructuring of hospital infrastructure with prioritization of intensive care capacity. Elective surgeries in all surgical disciplines were postponed to preserve intensive care capacity for COVID-19 patients. However, emergency care for trauma patients had to be maintained. Especially, geriatric patients with hip fractures often require intensive care. This study sought to investigate the possible excess mortality of geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures due to shorter intensive care unit stays because of COVID-19. Material and methods All patients over the age of 70 between March 2019 and February 2020 who underwent surgical treatment for femoral neck fractures were included. This cohort (group 1) was compared with all patients over 70 who received surgical treatment for hip fractures during the period of the pandemic between March 2020 and February 2021 with attention to potential excess mortality due to low intensive care capacity (group 2). Demographic data, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, surgical modality, ICU stay, complications, and mortality were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 356 patients with 178 in each cohort with a mean age of 82.7 in group 1 and 84.8 in group 2 (p<0.05) were included. No significant difference was seen in sex and ASA scores. During the pandemic, patients with hip fractures had a significantly shorter stay in ICU (0.4 ± 0.9 vs 1.2 ± 2.8 days; p<0.05), shorter time to surgery (29.9 ± 8.2 vs 16.8 ± 5.3 h; p<0.05) and operations were significantly more often performed out-of-hour (4 pm-12 am 47.8% vs 56.7%; 12 am-8 am 7.9% vs 13.5%, p<0.05). Interestingly, mortality was lower during the pandemic, but the difference did not reach significance (6.7% vs 12.4%, p=0.102). Conclusion During the pandemic, ICU capacity was reserved for COVID patients. Due to a change in the law of the Joint Federal Committee with effect from January 1, 2021, all patients with proximal femur fractures had to be operated on within the first 24 hours, which is why a significantly shorter time to surgery was observed during the pandemic period. As a consequence, a lower mortality rate was observed, although no significance could be reached.
Keywords: covid-19; femoral neck fracture; geriatric hip fracture; intensive care unit stay; mortality.
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