Growing evidence supports an association between self-harm and aggression, and the two behaviors frequently co-occur. The co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression is termed as dual harm. Existing evidence reveals that rather than a simple co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression, dual-harm may be an independent behavior different from a sole harm behavior. Identification of characteristics and influencing factors for dual harm may help develop effective prevention strategies for the affected population. A review of the literature yields a high incidence of dual harm among the clinical and forensic populations. Individuals with dual harm engage in an earlier, more frequent, and a wider range of harmful behaviors, with the increased use of lethal methods. Common factors that affect dual harm include childhood adversities, emotional dysregulation, personality traits, mental disorders, and biological factors. A comprehensive theory to explain dual harm is still not available. Currently, two main theories for explaining mechanism of dual harm are the two-stage model of countervailing forces and the cognitive-emotional model. An in-depth exploration of characteristics, influencing factors, and theories for dual harm is of great importance for the prevention of dual harm.
越来越多的证据支持自我伤害与攻击行为之间有密切的关联。同一个体既有自我伤害又有攻击行为的现象称为“双重伤害”。双重伤害不是自我伤害与攻击的简单共存，它可能代表一种不同于任何单一伤害行为的独立行为。了解双重伤害的特征及相关影响因素对这一人群的干预至关重要。双重伤害在精神障碍患者及刑事司法人群中的发生率较高；实施双重伤害的个体发生伤害行为的时间更早、频率更高、范围更广、方式更加严重；双重伤害的常见影响因素包括童年逆境、情绪失调、人格特征、精神障碍及生物学因素等；关于双重伤害的理论模型解释十分缺乏，目前主要有力量抵消的两阶段模型及认知情绪模型。深入探讨双重伤害的特征、影响因素及理论对该行为的干预和预防有重要意义。.
Keywords: aggression; dual harm; personality; self-harm; violence.