Prevalence of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia

Noor-Ahmed Jatoi; Reem M Al-Qassab; Fatimah H Al Salem; Fatimah M Al Muzayan; Razan Z AlShammari

doi:10.7759/cureus.30539

Prevalence of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia

Cureus. 2022 Oct 21;14(10):e30539. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30539. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Authors

Noor-Ahmed Jatoi¹, Reem M Al-Qassab², Fatimah H Al Salem³, Fatimah M Al Muzayan³, Razan Z AlShammari³

Affiliations

¹ Internal Medicine, Vascular Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, King Fahd University Hospital, Al Khobar, SAU.
² Collage of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU.
³ College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU.

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of obesity has grown significantly worldwide. It is considered a major cardiovascular risk factor among type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity in patients with T2DM at King Fahd University Hospital (KFUH), Al-Khobar, and to assess the relationship between T2DM and cardiovascular risk factors with body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR).

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study, included T2DM patients from the Internal Medicine department at KFHU. The investigators recorded patient demographics (age and gender), weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (Kg/m²), waist and hip circumference (cm), smoking status, physical activity, blood pressure measurements (mmHg) and laboratory results of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile.

Results: Among 346 patients, the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 62.4% and 27.2%, respectively. The relationship between BMI and demographic data including age and gender was statistically significant (P<0.05). The correlation between the BMI with cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, physical activity and WHR found to be statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Our study showed that obesity and overweight affect 89.6% of patients with T2DM. Therefore, it is important to take into consideration weight control strategies to effectively manage diabetic patients.

Keywords: blood pressure (bp); body mass index (bmi); cardiovascular risk factors (cvrf); dyslipidemia; metabolic health disorder; obesity and overweight; physical activity level; smoking; type 2 diabetic mellitus (t2dm); waist to hip ratio (whr).