EAT-Lancet Healthy Reference Diet score and diabetes incidence in a cohort of Mexican women

Abstract

To improve the health of our planet and develop sustainable food policies, it is important to understand the health impact of a diet pattern that considers planetary and population health. We used data from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC) to estimate the association between the EAT-Lancet healthy reference diet (EAT-HRD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence. We included 74,671 women aged ≥25 years, free of T2D at baseline. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. We created an EAT-HRD score based on 15 food groups recommended by the EAT-Lancet Commission (range from 0 to 15). T2D cases were identified through self-report and cross-linkage with clinical and administrative databases. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association between categories of the EAT-HRD score with T2D incidence. During a median follow-up of 2.16 y (IQR 1.8-4.3 y), we identified 3241 T2D incident cases. The median EAT-HRD score was 6 (IQR 5-7). In multivariable analyses, when comparing extreme categories, higher adherence to the EAT-HRD score was associated with lower T2D incidence (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.75, 1.10), yet, the estimation was imprecise. Compared to those who did not meet the EAT-HRD recommendations, adhering to the red meat, legumes, and fish recommendations was associated with lower T2D incidence. Meeting the recommendation of dairy and added sugars was associated with an increased incidence of T2D. Higher adherence to a diet designed to promote environmental and human health may help prevent T2D incidence among women in a middle-income country.