Interaction exists in lung cancer and microbiota. Lung microecological homeostasis can improve the immune tolerance, enhance immune suppression, and inhibit inflammatory responses, to reduce the lung cancer; while lung cancer can lead to pulmonary microecological imbalance, change the lung environment, and promote tumor cell proliferation. Therefore, modulating microbial flora and microecological immunotherapy may be a potential and preventive treatment for lung cancer, to restore tumor immunosuppression and improve patient survival. However, the individual differences in the lung microecology, because of different genetics, ethnic characteristics, and dietary habits, increasing the difficulty of precise diagnosis and treatment, which is also the current bottleneck in the application of microecological immunotherapy. Otherwise, the effectiveness of regulatory measures such as probiotics, prebiotics or antimicrobials is questionable. The research on microbial flora is still in its infancy, and further exploration is needed to form a standardized, effective, and precise treatment plan. So, standardized, effective, and precise microbial flora treatment strategies need to be further explored.
肺癌与肺部微生物菌群存在相互影响。肺部微生态稳态可提高机体的免疫耐受，增强免疫抑制能力，抑制炎症反应，从而减少肺癌发生；而肺癌则可导致肺部微生态失衡和菌群失调，改变肺部环境，形成有利于肿瘤细胞增殖的肿瘤微环境。因此，调节微生物菌群及微生态免疫疗法可能是潜在的新型治疗和预防治疗肺癌的方案，有利于恢复肿瘤免疫抑制，提高患者生存率。然而，肺部微生态因宿主遗传、种族特征及饮食习惯不同而存在个体化差异，增加了精准诊疗的难度，也是目前微生态免疫疗法的应用瓶颈，益生菌、益生元或抗微生物药物等调节措施的有效性也值得商榷。微生物菌群的研究还处于起步阶段，形成规范、有效、精准的治疗方案还需进一步探索。.