Objective: To understand the detection rate, epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in China. Methods: From June 2017 to March 2020, a prospective multi-center study on the viral aetiology among hospitalized children with ALRTI was conducted in six pediatrics hospital of North China, Northeast, Northwest, South China, Southeast, and Southwest China. A total of 2 839 hospitalized children with ALRTI were enrolled, and the respiratory specimens were collected from these cases. A multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay were employed to screen the respiratory viruses, and the molecular epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children infected with RSV were analyzed. Results: The positve rate of RSV was 18.6% (528/2 839), and the positive rate of RSV in different regions ranged from 5.5% to 44.3%. The positive rate of RSV in male was higher than that in female (20.2% vs 16.3%), and there was a significant statistically difference between two groups (χ2=6.74, P=0.009). The positive rate of RSV among children under 5 years old was higher than that among children older than 5 years old (22.3% vs 4.5%), and there was a significant statistically difference between two groups (χ2=97.98,P<0.001). The positive rate of RSV among the <6 months age group was higher than that of other age groups (all P<0.05). During January 2018 and December 2019, RSV was detected in almost all through the year, and showed peaks in winter and spring. RSV-positive cases accounted for 17.0% (46/270) among children with severe pneumonia, including 36 cases infected with RSV alone. Conclusion: RSV is an important viral pathogen in children under 5 years old with ALRTI in China. The virus can be detected almost all through the year and reached the peak in winter and spring. RSV could lead to severe pneumonia in children and caused huge threaten to children's health.
目的： 了解我国儿童急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）住院病例呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）的感染状况。 方法： 于2017年6月至2020年3月，在我国华北地区的首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院、东北地区的中国医科大学附属盛京医院、西北地区的银川市妇幼保健院、华南地区的广州市妇女儿童医疗中心、东南地区的温州医科大学附属第二医院、育英儿童医院和西南地区的贵阳市妇幼保健院开展前瞻性儿童ALRTI病例感染RSV的多中心研究，最终共纳入2 839例病例。采集儿童ALRTI住院病例的呼吸道样本，使用多重实时荧光定量PCR方法筛检样本中的16种呼吸道病毒，分析儿童ALRTI住院病例中RSV感染状况。 结果： RSV总检出率为18.6%（528/2 839）；各地区RSV检出率5.5%~44.3%。男童的RSV检出率高于女童检出率（20.2% 比16.3%）（P=0.009）。<5岁年龄组的RSV检出率（22.3%，501/2245）高于5~18岁组（4.5%，27/594），差异有统计学意义（χ2=97.98，P<0.001）；<6 月龄组患儿的RSV检出率（37.0%）高于其他年龄组，且差异有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。2018年1月至2019年12月，RSV全年均有检出（除2019年6月和7月），冬春季是流行高峰。270例重症肺炎病例中，RSV核酸阳性病例占比为17.0%（46/270），其中36例为单纯RSV感染。 结论： RSV是引起我国5岁以下儿童ALRTI的常见病毒病原体；全年均可检出，并呈现出冬春季流行高峰。.