Continuous organ perfusion monitoring using indocyanine green in a piglet model

Abstract

Background: Unrecognized organ hypoperfusion may cause major postoperative complications with detrimental effects for the patient. The use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) to detect organ hypoperfusion is emerging but the optimal methodology is still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of real-time continuous quantitative perfusion assessment with Indocyanine Green (ICG) to monitor organ perfusion during minimally invasive surgery using a novel ICG dosing regimen and quantification software.

Method: In this experimental porcine study, twelve subjects were administered a priming dose of ICG, followed by a regimen of high-frequency (1 dose per minute), low-dose bolus injections with weight-adjusted (0.008 mg/kg) ICG allowing for continuous perfusion monitoring. In each pig, one randomly assigned organ of interest [stomach (n = 3), ascending colon (n = 3), rectum (n = 3) and spleen (n = 3)] was investigated with varying camera conditions. Video recording was performed with the 1588 AIM Stryker camera platform and subsequent quantitative analysis of the ICG signal were performed using a research version of a commercially available surgical real-time analysis software.

Results: Using a high-frequency, low-dose bolus ICG regimen, fluorescence visualization and quantification in abdominal organs were successful in the stomach (3/3), ascending colon (1/3), rectum (2/3), and the spleen (3/3). ICG accumulation in the tissue over time did not affect the quantification process. Considerable variation in fluorescence signal was observed between organs and between the same organ in different subjects. Of the different camera conditions investigated, the highest signal was achieved when the camera was placed 7.5 cm from the target organ.

Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study finds that real-time continuous perfusion monitoring in different abdominal organs using ICG is feasible. However, the study also finds a large variation in fluorescence intensity between organs and between the same organ in different subjects while using a fixed weight-adjusted dosing regimen using the same camera setting and placement.

Keywords: Abdominal surgery; Continuous perfusion monitoring; Fluorescence; Indocyanine Green; Quantitative perfusion assessment.