Pharmacogenetics of anxiety and depression in Alzheimer's disease

Pharmacogenomics. 2023 Jan;24(1):27-57. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0137. Epub 2023 Jan 11.

Abstract

Anxiety and depression coexist with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease along with other concomitant disorders (>60%), which require multipurpose treatments. Polypharmaceutical regimens cause drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions, potentially avoidable in number and severity with the implementation of pharmacogenetic procedures. The accumulation of defective variants (>30 genes per patient in more than 50% of cases) in pharmagenes (pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter, pleiotropic) influences the therapeutic response to antidementia, antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs in polyvalent regimens. APOE, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP4F2, COMT, MAOB, CHAT, GSTP1, NAT2, SLC30A8, SLCO1B1, ADRA2A, ADRB2, BCHE, GABRA1, HMGCR, HTR2C, IFNL3, NBEA, UGT1A1, ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, MTHFR and OPRM1 variants affect anxiety and depression in Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; CYPs; Mylogy; anxiety; depression; genotype; pharmacogenomics; phenotype; transporters.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease* / drug therapy
  • Alzheimer Disease* / genetics
  • Anxiety / drug therapy
  • Anxiety / genetics
  • Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase*
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / genetics
  • Depression / drug therapy
  • Depression / genetics
  • Humans
  • Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins
  • Pharmacogenetics / methods
  • Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Substances

  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6
  • SLCO1B1 protein, human
  • Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1
  • NAT2 protein, human
  • Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase
  • NBEA protein, human
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins
  • SLC6A4 protein, human
  • Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins