The relationship between maternal death due to COVID-19 and the human development index in East Java, Indonesia

Budi Prasetyo; Muhammad Ardian Cahya Laksana; Brahmana Askandar Tjokroprawiro; Erni Rosita Dewi; Alifina Izza; Muhammad Rizkinanda Prasetyo; Ardelia Bertha Prastika; Waritsah Sukarjiyah

doi:10.1177/22799036221147369

The relationship between maternal death due to COVID-19 and the human development index in East Java, Indonesia

J Public Health Res. 2023 Jan 15;12(1):22799036221147369. doi: 10.1177/22799036221147369. eCollection 2023 Jan.

Authors

Budi Prasetyo^{1

2}, Muhammad Ardian Cahya Laksana¹, Brahmana Askandar Tjokroprawiro¹, Erni Rosita Dewi², Alifina Izza², Muhammad Rizkinanda Prasetyo³, Ardelia Bertha Prastika², Waritsah Sukarjiyah⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
² School of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
³ Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
⁴ East Java Provincial Health Office, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality rates and human development indexes can reflect a country's quality of health services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these two achievement indicators are predicted to experience significant changes, and both have an interrelated relationship.

Objectives: To find the relationship between maternal death due to COVID-19 and the Human Development Index (HDI) in East Java, Indonesia.

Design and methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was carried out by processing secondary data from the provincial department of health regarding maternal mortality due to COVID-19 in East Java in 2020 and the HDI data from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. After that, the data were analyzed statistically using SPSS Statistics.

Results: The number of maternal deaths due to East Java's COVID-19 during 2020 was 793 out of 1280. Furthermore, the HDI reached 2744.6, the first dimension contains life expectancy reaching 2725.3, and the number of health workers 100,021. In the second dimension, the literacy rate reaches 3482.9, and the average length of schooling is 134,341. Moreover, the last dimension contains a total population density of 40,878,789, and a poverty rate of 4572.7. Statistical analysis results show a positive relationship between maternal mortality due to COVID-19 and HDI, with a p-value of 0.008.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between maternal mortality due to COVID-19 and HDI. However, the link between maternal mortality and COVID-19 related to the detailed dimensions contained in the HDI is not statistically related.

Keywords: COVID-19; Maternal mortality; basic living standard; education; human development index; longevity.