CRISPR-Cas Biochemistry and CRISPR-Based Molecular Diagnostics

Zhengyan Weng; Zheng You; Jie Yang; Noor Mohammad; Mengshi Lin; Qingshan Wei; Xue Gao; Yi Zhang

doi:10.1002/anie.202214987

CRISPR-Cas Biochemistry and CRISPR-Based Molecular Diagnostics

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023 Apr 17;62(17):e202214987. doi: 10.1002/anie.202214987. Epub 2023 Feb 14.

Authors

Zhengyan Weng^{1

2}, Zheng You³, Jie Yang³, Noor Mohammad⁴, Mengshi Lin⁵, Qingshan Wei⁴, Xue Gao^{3

6

7}, Yi Zhang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
² Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
³ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
⁴ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
⁵ Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
⁶ Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.

PMID: 36710268
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214987

Abstract

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based nucleic acid testing has played a critical role in disease diagnostics, pathogen surveillance, and many more. However, this method requires a long turnaround time, expensive equipment, and trained personnel, limiting its widespread availability and diagnostic capacity. On the other hand, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has recently demonstrated capability for nucleic acid detection with high sensitivity and specificity. CRISPR-mediated biosensing holds great promise for revolutionizing nucleic acid testing procedures and developing point-of-care diagnostics. This review focuses on recent developments in both fundamental CRISPR biochemistry and CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection techniques. Four ongoing research hotspots in molecular diagnostics-target preamplification-free detection, microRNA (miRNA) testing, non-nucleic-acid detection, and SARS-CoV-2 detection-are also covered.

Keywords: Amplification-Free Detection; Biosensors; CRISPR-Cas Biochemistry; Molecular Diagnostics; SARS-Cov-2.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Biosensing Techniques*
COVID-19 Testing
COVID-19*
CRISPR-Cas Systems
Humans
MicroRNAs*
Pathology, Molecular
SARS-CoV-2

Substances

MicroRNAs