Emulation of epidemics via Bluetooth-based virtual safe virus spread: Experimental setup, software, and data

PLOS Digit Health. 2022 Dec 2;1(12):e0000142. doi: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000142. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Abstract

We describe an experimental setup and a currently running experiment for evaluating how physical interactions over time and between individuals affect the spread of epidemics. Our experiment involves the voluntary use of the Safe Blues Android app by participants at The University of Auckland (UoA) City Campus in New Zealand. The app spreads multiple virtual safe virus strands via Bluetooth depending on the physical proximity of the subjects. The evolution of the virtual epidemics is recorded as they spread through the population. The data is presented as a real-time (and historical) dashboard. A simulation model is applied to calibrate strand parameters. Participants' locations are not recorded, but participants are rewarded based on the duration of participation within a geofenced area, and aggregate participation numbers serve as part of the data. The 2021 experimental data is available as an open-source anonymized dataset, and once the experiment is complete, the remaining data will be made available. This paper outlines the experimental setup, software, subject-recruitment practices, ethical considerations, and dataset description. The paper also highlights current experimental results in view of the lockdown that started in New Zealand at 23:59 on August 17, 2021. The experiment was initially planned in the New Zealand environment, expected to be free of COVID and lockdowns after 2020. However, a COVID Delta strain lockdown shuffled the cards and the experiment is currently extended into 2022.

Grants and funding

Funds for incidentals and research assistance were supplied by the University of Queensland’s AI for Pandemics initiative as well as consultancy funds at The University of Melbourne. A.A. is supported by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS) and UoA Faculty of Science Research & Development Fund no. 3721832. H.M.J. is supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) under grant no. DP180101602. S.G.H. is supported by the National Science Foundation under grants CMMI 2035086 and DMS 2230023. Y.N. is supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) under grant no. DP180101602 and UQ Research Support Package: Strategic Research Investment. A.S. is supported by the UQ Research Support Package: Strategic Research Investment. K.R.S is supported by NHMRC investigator grant 2007919. P.G.T. is supported by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS) under grant no. CE140100049. I.Z. is supported by Te Pūnaha Matatini. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.