Improving diagnostic antimicrobial stewardship in respiratory tract infections: a protocol for a scoping review investigating point-of-care testing programmes in community pharmacy

Sajal K Saha; Shukla Promite; Carly L Botheras; Elizabeth Manias; Nomvuyo Mothobi; Suzanne Robinson; Eugene Athan

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068193

Improving diagnostic antimicrobial stewardship in respiratory tract infections: a protocol for a scoping review investigating point-of-care testing programmes in community pharmacy

BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 24;13(2):e068193. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068193.

Authors

Sajal K Saha^{1

2}, Shukla Promite³, Carly L Botheras^{4

5}, Elizabeth Manias^{6

7}, Nomvuyo Mothobi⁴, Suzanne Robinson^{8

9}, Eugene Athan^{10

4}

Affiliations

¹ School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia sajal.saha@deakin.edu.au.
² National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁴ Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
⁵ Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁷ School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
⁸ Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
⁹ EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
¹⁰ School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Abstract

Introduction: Diagnostic uncertainty regarding the cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) multiplies the problem of unnecessary use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in primary care. Point-of-care testing (POCT) programmes have been recognised as a potential stewardship strategy to optimise antimicrobial use in primary care. There is a need for greater understanding of community pharmacy-based POCT programmes in reducing the unnecessary use of antimicrobials in patients with RTIs. This review systematically maps out evidence around the effectiveness, feasibility and implementation challenges of POCT programmes in community pharmacy to improve safe antimicrobial use in RTIs.

Methods and analysis: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and the Arksey and O'Malley methodology framework will guide the reporting of this review. We will systematically review studies with either randomised controlled trial, non-randomised controlled trial, before-after study, observational study or pilot feasibility study design. Medline, Emcare, PubMed, Health Technology Assessment, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar databases will be used to search for articles. Three reviewers will independently screen, review and select studies with POCT programmes involving community pharmacists for antimicrobial stewardship in RTIs. Summary statistics and random effects model, if data permit, will be used to summarise the effectiveness, feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the POCT programme. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will capture POCT implementation drivers.

Ethics and dissemination: This review study does not require research ethics approval. Findings will be disseminated through national and international conferences, seminars and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Keywords: INFECTIOUS DISEASES; International health services; PRIMARY CARE; Public health.

MeSH terms

Antimicrobial Stewardship*
Humans
Observational Studies as Topic
Pharmacies*
Point-of-Care Testing
Research Design
Respiratory Tract Infections*
Review Literature as Topic
Systematic Reviews as Topic