Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19: Interactions, intrinsic linkages, and the role of immunoinflammatory responses in this process

Wei Li; Lin Sun; Ling Yue; Shifu Xiao

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120495

Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19: Interactions, intrinsic linkages, and the role of immunoinflammatory responses in this process

Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 9:14:1120495. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120495. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Wei Li^{1

2}, Lin Sun^{1

2}, Ling Yue^{1

2}, Shifu Xiao^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and COVID-19 share many common risk factors, such as advanced age, complications, APOE genotype, etc. Epidemiological studies have also confirmed the internal relationship between the two diseases. For example, studies have found that AD patients are more likely to suffer from COVID-19, and after infection with COVID-19, AD also has a much higher risk of death than other chronic diseases, and what's more interesting is that the risk of developing AD in the future is significantly higher after infection with COVID-19. Therefore, this review gives a detailed introduction to the internal relationship between Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19 from the perspectives of epidemiology, susceptibility and mortality. At the same time, we focused on the important role of inflammation and immune responses in promoting the onset and death of AD from COVID-19.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease (AD); COVID-19; epidemiological studies; inflammation and immune responses; mechanism.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Alzheimer Disease* / etiology
Alzheimer Disease* / genetics
COVID-19* / complications
Genotype
Humans
Inflammation / complications
Risk Factors

Grants and funding

This study was supported by grants from the clinical research center project of Shanghai Mental Health Center (CRC2017ZD02), Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health (19MC1911100), the Cultivation of Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary Project in Shanghai Jiaotong University (YG2019QNA10), and the Feixiang Program of Shanghai Mental Health Center (2020-FX-03), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82101564, 82001123, 82271607), Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA12040101), Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health (SCRC-MH, 19MC1911100), the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (20Y11906800).