Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Changing Outcomes Across the Spectrum

Athina Pappas; Gina Milano; Lina F Chalak

doi:10.1016/j.clp.2022.11.007

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Changing Outcomes Across the Spectrum

Clin Perinatol. 2023 Mar;50(1):31-52. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.11.007.

Authors

Athina Pappas¹, Gina Milano², Lina F Chalak³

Affiliations

¹ Wayne Medical school, Detroit, MI, USA.
² University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
³ University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. Electronic address: Lina.chalak@utsouthwestern.edu.

PMID: 36868712
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.11.007

Abstract

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of death and neurodevelopmental impairment in neonates. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only established effective therapy and randomized trials affirm that TH reduces death and disability in moderate-to-severe HIE. Traditionally, infants with mild HIE were excluded from these trials due to the perceived low risk for impairment. Recently, multiple studies suggest that infants with untreated mild HIE may be at significant risk of abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. This review will focus on the changing landscape of TH, the spectrum of HIE presentations and their neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Keywords: Bayley; CP; HIE; Hypothermia; Neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Humans
Hypothermia, Induced*
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain*
Infant
Infant, Newborn

Grants and funding

R01 NS102617/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States