Treatment of a Snakebite Injury With Secondary Bacterial Infection: A Case Study

J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2023 May-Jun;50(3):245-249. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000963.

Abstract

Background: Pit viper snakebites are challenging as they often cause tissue injury and secondary bacterial infection that may impair full recovery of the affected limb. We describe the evolution of a snakebite injury with secondary infection and the use of specialized dressings to achieve tissue repair and complete closure of the wound.

Case: Ms E., a 45-year-old woman, was bitten by a pit viper that began as a small lesion and progressed to necrosis, cellulitis, edema, and hyperemia of the perilesional skin, local inflammation, and infection. We implemented a combination of topical hydrogel therapy with calcium alginate and hydrofiber with 1.2% silver to promote autolytic debridement, combat local infection, and provide a moist wound environment. The wound required daily local treatment for 2 months due to extensive tissue damage, combined with the proteolytic action of the bothropic venom.

Conclusion: The care of wounds caused by snakebites is a challenge for the health care team due to tissue loss resulting from the action of the venom and secondary bacterial infection. Close follow-up with the use of systemic antibiotics and topical therapies proved effective in minimizing tissue loss in this case.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Infections*
  • Coinfection*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Skin
  • Snake Bites* / complications
  • Snake Bites* / therapy
  • Wound Healing