Oxidative balance scores and depressive symptoms: Mediating effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors

Abstract

Background: Few studies have examined the combined effects of dietary and lifestyle factors on depressive symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and depressive symptoms and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: A total of 21,283 adults from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Depressive symptoms were defined as a total score of ≥10 on the Patient's Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Twenty dietary and lifestyle factors were selected to calculate the OBS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between OBS and depression risk. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the roles of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.

Results: In multivariate model, a significant negative association was found between OBS and depression risk. Compared with those in OBS tertile 1, participants in tertile 3 had lower odds of developing depressive symptoms (OR:0.50; 95 % CI:0.40-0.62; P < 0.001). Restricted cubic splines showed a linear relationship between OBS and depression risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.67). Moreover, higher OBS was found to be associated with lower depression scores (β = -0.07; 95 % CI:-0.08, -0.05; P < 0.001). GGT concentrations and WBC counts mediated the association between OBS and depression scores by 5.72 % and 5.42 %, respectively (both P < 0.001), with a joint mediated effect of 10.77 % (P < 0.001).

Limitations: This study was a cross-sectional design making it difficult to infer a causal association.

Conclusions: OBS is negatively associated with depression, which may be mediated in part by oxidative stress and inflammation.

Keywords: Depressive symptoms; Inflammatory marker; Mediation analysis; NHANES; Oxidative balance score; Oxidative stress.