Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Indicators of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization amongst 8-13-year-old Children of Vadodara District Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study

Vaishnavi U Shah; Bhavna H Dave; Deepika N Chari; Kelvin A Shah

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2570

Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Indicators of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization amongst 8-13-year-old Children of Vadodara District Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study

Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Mar-Apr;16(2):280-286. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2570.

Authors

Vaishnavi U Shah¹, Bhavna H Dave¹, Deepika N Chari¹, Kelvin A Shah²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College & Hospital, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
² Department of Prosthodontics, Pacific Dental College & Hospital, Debari, Rajasthan, India.

Abstract

Context: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an emerging clinical problem as the affected tooth is prone to dental caries with the lapse of time.

Aims: To assess the prevalence, severity, and associated risk indicators of MIH amongst 8-13 years of children of Vadodara District, Gujarat, India.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 3,000 government schoolchildren. A total of 1,500 children each from urban and rural areas were randomly selected and examined. Only permanent incisors and first molars were examined. MIH was diagnosed clinically based on the diagnostic criteria established by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD), 2003. To check the relation between the two variables-Pearson's chi-squared test was applied. Fisher's exact test was applied when less than five expected values were found.

Results: A total of 286 children (9.6 %) had MIH, with 189 (rural) and 97 (urban) children. MIH was significantly higher in the rural population as compared to the urban. In the rural area, the cause was found to be a child suffering from an illness (>15 days) which was 35.98%, and in the urban area was due to prolonged use of antibiotics before 4 years of age, which was 28.87%.

Conclusion: The overall prevalence rate of MIH among the screened children between the age-group 8 and 13 was found to be 9.6%. Males were more affected. The severity of MIH was more in molars compared to incisors and more in children of rural areas.

Clinical significance: Protocol for early diagnosis and follow-up to access the squeal of breakdown should be undertaken along with parents and health workers.

How to cite this article: Shah VU, Dave BH, Chari DN, et al. Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Indicators of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization amongst 8-13-year-old Children of Vadodara District Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):280-286.

Keywords: Enamel defects; First permanent molars; Molar incisor hypomineralization; Molar incisor hypomineralization diagnostic criteria; Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization.