1 Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
2 Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
3 Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
4 Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.
5 Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
6 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
7 Department of Surgery and MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
8 Department of Surgery, Center for Humanism and Ethics in Surgical Specialties, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.