Survey of dietary beliefs and habits of inflammatory bowel disease patients

Abstract

Background & aims: It is presumed that diet plays a role in the prevention and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) often report a link between their disease and diet. However, studies evaluating patient perceptions on diet in IBD are lacking. This study aimed to assess patient beliefs on the role of diet in IBD and the adequacy of dietary advice they received.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was offered to consecutive patients attending two IBD centers in Switzerland. Data were collected regarding patient dietary beliefs and behaviors and whether they received medical advice on their diet.

Results: Of 210 questionnaires distributed, 171 were completed. Participants were mainly female (53%), young (median age 38 years) with either CD (66%) or UC (34%). Most patients believed that diet plays a role in their disease (74%), whereas only 15% believed that diet could be the trigger of their disease. Since their IBD diagnosis, more than half of patients (56%) modified their diet, and 39% did not receive dietary advice from their physicians or a dietician. Most patients (91-95%) ingested gluten, lactose, red and white meat. 20% of patients practiced intermittent fasting and only a minority had previously tried a low-FODMAP (9%) diet or probiotics supplementation (16%).

Conclusion: The majority of IBD patients believe that diet plays a role in their disease but have never received dietary advice from their doctor or a dietician. This highlights a need for more information for IBD patients on dietary advice from the medical profession.

Keywords: Diet; Environment; IBD; Nutrition.