[Evaluation of the risk of obstructive sleep apnea in patients awaiting general anesthesia in Burkina Faso]

Abstract

Introduction: General anaesthesia and surgery increase morbidity and mortality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) who are not known to have OSAHS and therefore not treated before surgery. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of OSAHS using the STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) in patients undergoing general anaesthesia in Burkina Faso.

Material and method: This is a cross-sectional study concerning patients having received pre-anaesthetic consultation from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Risk of OSAHS is considered "medium to high" when the risk of obstructive sleep apnea is medium or high on SBQ.

Results: Our population consisted in 599 persons. A medium to high risk of OSAHS was found in 11.18%. The ASA score and the Mallampati scale were independently associated with moderate to high risk of OSAHS (P<0.001; P<0.001). ASA score of I and Mallampati class of I decreased the risk of OSAHS by 17 and 45% respectively (P=0.012; P=0.031).

Conclusion: The risk of OSAHS in this population is comparable to that of the general population. Confirmation of OSAHS by ventilatory polygraphy or polysomnography would help to achieve further precision.

Keywords: Anesthésie générale; Burkina Faso; General anaesthesia; Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome; Questionnaire STOP-BANG; Risk; Risque; STOP-BANG questionnaire; Syndrome d’apnées hypopnées obstructives du sommeil.