Cardiovascular disease risk models and dementia or cognitive decline: a systematic review

Ruirui Jia; Qing Wang; Hengyi Huang; Yanli Yang; Yuet Foon Chung; Tao Liang

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1257367

Cardiovascular disease risk models and dementia or cognitive decline: a systematic review

Front Aging Neurosci. 2023 Oct 12:15:1257367. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1257367. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Ruirui Jia^#¹, Qing Wang^#^{1

2}, Hengyi Huang¹, Yanli Yang¹, Yuet Foon Chung¹, Tao Liang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
² School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Health cognitive promotion and protection is a critical topic. With the world's aging population and rising life expectancy, there will be many people living with highly age-related dementia illnesses. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia share the same risk factors, such as unhealthy lifestyles and metabolic factors. These recognized risks associated with CVD and dementia frequently co-occur. CVD risk models may have a close association with dementia and cognitive decline. So, this systematic review aimed to determine whether CVD risk models were connected with dementia or cognitive decline and compare the predictive ability of various models.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Sinomed, and WanFang were searched from 1 January 2014 until 16 February 2023. Only CVD risk models were included. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for the quality assessment of included cohort studies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for cross-sectional studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement's guidelines were followed in this systematic study.

Results: In all, 9,718 references were screened, of which 22 articles were included. A total of 15 CVD risk models were summarized. Except for the Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team (CANHEART) health index, the other 14 CVD risk models were associated with dementia and cognitive decline. In comparison, different CVD risk models and domain-specific cognitive function correlation variation depended on cohort characteristics, risk models, cognitive function tests, and study designs. Moreover, it needed to be clarified when comparing the predicting performance of different CVD risk models.

Conclusion: It is significant for public health to improve disease risk prediction and prevention and mitigate the potential adverse effects of the heart on the brain. More cohort studies are warranted to prove the correlation between CVD risk models and cognitive function. Moreover, further studies are encouraged to compare the efficacy of CVD risk models in predicting cognitive disorders.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease risk models; cardiovascular health; cognitive decline; dementia; health promotion.

Publication types

Systematic Review

Grants and funding

The authors declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was funded by the following sources: Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province, China (20JR10RA637); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Lanzhou University, China (lzujbky2022-30, lzujbky-2019-58); and ‘Double-First Class’ Lanzhou University Project Grant (561119204).