Continuous vs Bolus Thermodilution to Assess Microvascular Resistance Reserve

Abstract

Background: Coronary flow reserve (CFR) and microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) can, in principle, be derived by any method assessing coronary flow.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare CFR and MRR as derived by continuous (CFR_cont and MRR_cont) and bolus thermodilution (CFR_bolus and MRR_bolus).

Methods: A total of 175 patients with chest pain and nonobstructive coronary artery disease were studied. Bolus and continuous thermodilution measurements were performed in the left anterior descending coronary artery. MRR was calculated as the ratio of CFR to fractional flow reserve and corrected for changes in systemic pressure. In 102 patients, bolus and continuous thermodilution measurements were performed in duplicate to assess test-retest reliability.

Results: Mean CFR_bolus was higher than CFR_cont (3.47 ± 1.42 and 2.67 ± 0.81 [P < 0.001], mean difference 0.80, upper limit of agreement 3.92, lower limit of agreement -2.32). Mean MRR_bolus was also higher than MRR_cont (4.40 ± 1.99 and 3.22 ± 1.02 [P < 0.001], mean difference 1.2, upper limit of agreement 5.08, lower limit of agreement -2.71). The correlation between CFR and MRR values obtained using both methods was significant but weak (CFR, r = 0.28 [95% CI: 0.14-0.41]; MRR, r = 0.26 [95% CI: 0.16-0.39]; P < 0.001 for both). The precision of both CFR and MRR was higher when assessed using continuous thermodilution compared with bolus thermodilution (repeatability coefficients of 0.89 and 2.79 for CFR_cont and CFR_bolus, respectively, and 1.01 and 3.05 for MRR_cont and MRR_bolus, respectively).

Conclusions: Compared with bolus thermodilution, continuous thermodilution yields lower values of CFR and MRR accompanied by an almost 3-fold reduction of the variability in the measured results.

Keywords: CFR; FFR; angina; coronary artery disease; coronary flow; microvascular dysfunction.