Association between type 2 diabetes and different types of dietary fats: A case-control study

Shirin Tajadod; Soheila Shekari; Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni; Khadijeh Abbasi; Saheb Abbas Torki; Zahra Salimi; Mohammad Keshavarz Mohammadian; Mahsa Shapouri; Seyed Alireza Musavi Jarrahi; Faezeh Sobhani Far; Hanieh Shafaei; Saeid Doaei; Hamideh YazdiMoghaddam; Maryam Gholamalizadeh

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.034

Association between type 2 diabetes and different types of dietary fats: A case-control study

Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023 Dec:58:67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.034. Epub 2023 Sep 5.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition, School Of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
³ Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
⁴ Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁵ Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁶ Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
⁹ Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
¹⁰ Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Doaei@gums.ac.ir.
¹¹ Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Operating Room Department, Faculty of Paramedics, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Electronic address: Ha_yazdimoghaddam@yahoo.com.
¹² Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 38057038
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.034

Abstract

Background: The effect of dietary fats on type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not clear. This study aimed to determine the association between T2D and dietary fatty acids among Iranian adults.

Methods: This case-control study was performed on 4241 participants aged 35-70, including 1804 people with T2D and pre-diabetes as the case group and 2437 people without diabetes as the control group. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Results: The cases had higher age (48.36 ± 8.62 vs. 54.53 ± 7.75 y, P < 0.001), weight (73.7713.41 vs. 76.18 ± 13.49 kg, P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (28.02 ± 4.70 vs. 24 ± 4.74 kg/m², P = 0.001), right systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (113.33 ± 16.7 vs. 121.61 ± 17.24 mmHg, P = 0.001), right diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (71.41 ± 10.53 vs. 75.33 ± 9.92 mmHg, P = 0.001), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (96.87 ± 19.39 vs. 169.95 ± 69.28 mg/dl, P = 0.001), blood urine nitrogen (BUN) (13.65 ± 3.74 vs. 14.26 ± 4.03 mg/dl, P = 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (141.61 ± 99.37 vs. 175.96 ± 114.74 mg/dl, P = 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (218.24 ± 66.35 vs. 246.97 ± 72.65 IU/L, P = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (111.68 ± 33.02 vs. 101.97 ± 36.54 mg/dl, P = 0.001), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (21.88 ± 15.15 vs. 23.55 ± 15.96 IU/L, P = 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (24.66 ± 20.42 vs. 30.72 ± 30.43 IU/L P = 0.001), and cholesterol (192.45 ± 39.1190 vs. 187.12 ± 46.19 mg/dl P = 0.001) compared to the control group. T2D was negatively associated with dietary intake of PUFAs (OR = 0.93, CI95%:0.84-1.03, P = 0.01) and positively associated with dietary cholesterol (OR: 1.01, CI95%:1.001-1.01, P = 0.02).

Conclusion: In summary, cholesterol was positively and PUFAs were negatively associated with diabetes. If the results of the present study on the effect of fat intake on diabetes are proven, future dietary recommendations for people at risk of diabetes may be corrected by providing diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in cholesterol.

Keywords: Diabetes; Diet; Dietary fats; Polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Case-Control Studies
Cholesterol
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*
Dietary Fats*
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Humans
Iran

Substances

Dietary Fats
Cholesterol
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated