Visualisation of microalgal lipid bodies through electron microscopy

J Microsc. 2024 Feb;293(2):118-131. doi: 10.1111/jmi.13259. Epub 2024 Jan 7.

Abstract

In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) were evaluated for their ability to detect lipid bodies in microalgae. To do so, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nannochloropsis oculata cells were harvested in both the mid-exponential and early stationary growth phase. Two different cryo-SEM cutting methods were compared: cryo-planing and freeze-fracturing. The results showed that, despite the longer preparation time, TEM visualisation preceded by cryo-immobilisation allows a clear detection of lipid bodies and is preferable to cryo-SEM. Using freeze-fracturing, lipid bodies were rarely detected. This was only feasible if crystalline layers in the internal structure, most likely related to sterol esters or di-saturated triacylglycerols, were revealed. Furthermore, lipid bodies could not be detected using cryo-planing. Cryo-SEM is also not the preferred technique to recognise other organelles besides lipid bodies, yet it did reveal chloroplasts in both species and filament-containing organelles in cryo-planed Nannochloropsis oculata samples.

Keywords: Nannochloropsis oculata; Phaeodactylum tricornutum; cryo-planing; electron microscopy; freeze-fracturing; lipid bodies.

MeSH terms

  • Cryoelectron Microscopy / methods
  • Lipid Droplets
  • Microalgae*
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission