Objective: To investigate the metabolic outcomes of primary aldosteronism (PA) patients receiving adrenalectomy (ADX) or spironolactone treatment and the contributing factors to the metabolic outcomes.
Methods: The clinical data of 70 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and 86 patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) were retrospectively analyzed. All subjects received confirmatory diagnosis of APA or IHA at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital between March 2018 and October 2020. APA patients underwent ADX, while IHA patients were given spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). After ADX or spironolactone treatment, the outcomes of the metabolic indicators and the inter-group differences between the APA patients and IHA patients were studied.
Results: There was no significant difference between the baseline data of the APA group and those of the IHA group in terms of age, sex, duration of hypertension, maximum systolic blood pressure (SBP-max), maximum diastolic blood pressure (DBP-max), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid parameters, and renal function. IHA patients had higher waist circumference, serum potassium, and plasma renin activity (PRA) than those of the APA patients (all P<0.05). All patients showed significant improvement in blood pressure, blood potassium, and plasma aldosterone at follow-up. However, they also showed increased triglycerides (TG) accompanied by deterioration in renal function (P≤0.001). Multiple regression showed that TG levels were associated with spironolactone treatment for IHA patients and post-treatment BMI and creatinine levels. Furthermore, APA patients showed improvement in their FBG after ADX (P=0.041), while IHA patients showed elevated levels of FBG after spironolactone treatment (P=0.037).
Conclusion: After treatment, PA patients still may experience abnormal lipid metabolism and deteriorating renal function. Spironolactone therapy may give rise to worse glucolipid metabolism than ADX therapy does.
目的: 探讨原发性醛固酮增多症（原醛症）患者经肾上腺切除手术（ADX）或螺内酯治疗后的代谢转归及其影响因素。
方法: 回顾性分析2018年3月–2020年10月经四川大学华西医院内分泌科确诊的70例醛固酮瘤（APA）和86例特发性醛固酮增多症（IHA）患者的临床资料，APA组患者均进行ADX治疗，IHA患者均服用盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂（螺内酯）治疗，分析患者治疗后代谢指标的转归情况及组间差异。
结果: APA组与IHA组患者治疗前年龄、性别、高血压病程、最高血压、最低血压、体质量指数（BMI）、血脂、空腹血糖、肾功能差异无统计学意义，IHA组患者的腰围、血钾水平和血浆肾素活性高于APA组（P均<0.05）。治疗后所有患者的血压、血钾及血浆醛固酮浓度显著改善，出现三酰甘油升高伴肾功能恶化（P≤0.001）。多因素回归显示三酰甘油水平与IHA组患者经螺内酯治疗、治疗后BMI及肌酐水平有关。APA组患者经肾上腺切除后空腹血糖改善（P=0.041），但IHA组患者经螺内酯治疗后空腹血糖升高（P=0.037）。
结论: 原醛症患者治疗后可能仍然存在糖脂代谢异常及肾功能恶化，螺内酯治疗可能有更差的代谢结局。
Keywords: Metabolic outcome; Primary aldosteronism; Therapy.
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