Changes in nutritional, health benefits, and pharmaceutical potential of raw and roasted tropical almond (Terminalia catappa Linn.) nuts from Nigeria

PLoS One. 2024 Jan 2;19(1):e0287840. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287840. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Tropical almond (Terminalia catappa Linn.) is highly distributed within the tropics, but appears rather underutilized in developing countries like Nigeria. Specifically, relevant information regards the nutritional, health benefits, and pharmaceutical potential of roasted T. catappa nuts remains scanty. Comparing both raw and roasted T. catappa nuts should provide additional information especially from product development and potential commercial prospect standpoints. The changes in nutritional, health benefits, and pharmaceutical potentials of raw and roasted T. catappa nuts were, therefore, investigated. Whereas the raw T. catappa nuts obtained significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein, ash, moisture, crude fiber, as well as vitamins C, and B1-3 compared to the roasted ones, some contents like carbohydrates, energy, vitamin A, calcium, manganese, zinc, hydrogen cyanide, as well as oxalate would noticeably change (p < 0.05) after the roasting process. Twenty phytochemicals were identified in both raw and roasted samples with the concentrations of quinine, ribalinidine, sapogenin, flavan-3-ol and tannin significantly reduced, while catechin seemed enhanced upon roasting. Promising drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety profiles could be predicted among the phytochemicals. Overall, roasting T. catappa nuts should enhance the nutritional contents, which could aid both absorption and palatability.

MeSH terms

  • Nigeria
  • Nuts* / chemistry
  • Terminalia*

Grants and funding

The authors I.F.C., E.C.O., F.N.N., and E.O.A. funded this study from their personal salary earned as faculty members of the University of Nigeria Nsukka -Nigeria. Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation, and Discovery (CUCRID) is duly acknowledged for the APC and had no role in study design, data collection/analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of the manuscript.