Importance: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment through intravitreal or subretinal administrations has been proven effective for VEGF-driven pediatric vitreoretinal diseases but are not feasible for advanced cases, such as shallow traction retinal detachments or peripheral circumferential retinal detachments which adhere to the lens. Intra-anterior chamber injection (IAcI) of anti-VEGF may be a viable alternative in such cases but needs evaluation.
Objective: To investigate the effects and safety of IAcI of anti-VEGF to treat VEGF-driven pediatric vitreoretinal diseases.
Design, setting, and participants: This was a retrospective observational case series study conducted at Xinhua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in China. The study included 14 eyes of 13 children diagnosed with vitreoretinal disease exhibiting elevated vascular activity between January and August 2023.
Intervention: IAcI with ranibizumab.
Main outcomes and measures: Retinal vascular abnormalities, vitreous hemorrhage resolution, and complications 1 month and 3 months after injection.
Results: Of 13 patients included in this study, 12 were male. The mean age was 4.6 years (range, 1 month to 9 years). Six patients were diagnosed with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, 4 with morning glory syndrome, 1 with retinopathy of prematurity, and 2 with chronic retinal detachments of unknown causes. At 1-month postoperative follow-up, vascular activity had decreased in 14 of 14 eyes. At 3-month follow-up, vascular activity had resolved in 7 of 14 eyes, persisted in 6 of 14 eyes, and reactivated in 1 of 14 eyes. On final observation, no complications were reported.
Conclusions and relevance: These findings support the possibility of treatment using IAcI with ranibizumab to decrease retinal vascular abnormalities in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy or retinopathy of prematurity or related conditions, but further studies are needed to understand more precise benefits and risks. This approach might be considered in cases where intravitreal or subretinal injection are not feasible, recognizing the limitations of these findings and that longer-term outcomes still need to be monitored.