Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome among adults in freetown, Sierra Leone: A comparative analysis of NCEP ATP III, IDF and harmonized ATP III criteria

James Baligeh Walter Russell; Theresa Ruba Koroma; Santigie Sesay; Sallieu K Samura; Sulaiman Lakoh; Ansumana Bockarie; Onomeh Abiri Abiri; Victor Conteh; Sorie Conteh; Mohamed Smith; Othman Z Mahdi; Durodami R Lisk

doi:10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200236

Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome among adults in freetown, Sierra Leone: A comparative analysis of NCEP ATP III, IDF and harmonized ATP III criteria

Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev. 2024 Jan 14:20:200236. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200236. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Authors

James Baligeh Walter Russell^{1

2}, Theresa Ruba Koroma^{1

2}, Santigie Sesay³, Sallieu K Samura⁴, Sulaiman Lakoh^{1

2}, Ansumana Bockarie⁵, Onomeh Abiri Abiri⁶, Victor Conteh^{1

2}, Sorie Conteh^{1

2}, Mohamed Smith^{1

2}, Othman Z Mahdi⁷, Durodami R Lisk^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences & Dentistry, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.
² Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospital Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
³ Directorate of Non-Communicable Disease & Mental Health, Ministry of Health & Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
⁴ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Fourah Bah College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
⁶ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
⁷ Department of Medicine, Choithrams Memorial Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern, especially for low and middle-income countries with limited resources and information. The study's objective was to assess the prevalence of MetS in Freetown, Sierra Leone, using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Harmonize ATP III. Additionally, we aimed to establish the concordance between these three different criteria used.

Methods: This community-based health screening survey was conducted from October 2019 to October 2022. A multistage stratified random design was used to select adults aged 20 years and above. Mean, interquartile range (IQR), and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The kappa coefficient statistics resolved the agreement between these defined criteria.

Results: The prevalence for NCEP ATP III, Harmonize ATP III and IDF criteria was 11.8 % (95 % CI: 9.0-15.15), 14.3 % (95 % CI: 11.3-18.0), and 8.5 % (95 % CI: 6.2-11.2), respectively for the 2394 selected adults. The kappa coefficient (κ) agreement between the MetS is: Harmonized ATP III and IDF criteria = [(208 (60.8 %); (κ = 0.62)]; Harmonized ATP III and NCEP ATP III = [(201 (58.7 %); (κ = 0.71)]; while IDF and NCEP ATP III was [(132 (38.6 %); (κ = 0.52)]. In the multivariable regression analysis, waist circumference correlated with all three MetS criteria: ATP III [AOR = 0.85; C.I 95 %: (0.40-1.78), p = 0.032], Harmonized ATP III [AOR = 1.14; C.I 95 %: (0.62-2.11), p = 0.024], IDF [AOR = 1.06; C.I 95 % (0.52-2.16), p = 0.018].

Conclusion: We reported a high prevalence of MetS in Freetown, Sierra Leone and identified waist circumference as a major risk factor for MetS. This underscores the crucial role of health education and effective management of MetS in Sierra Leone.

Keywords: Harmonize ATP III and IDF; Metabolic syndrome; NCEP ATP III.