Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: impact of ending screening and isolation in a Danish University hospital

J Hosp Infect. 2024 Apr:146:82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.019. Epub 2024 Feb 13.

Abstract

Background: Substantial resources are used in hospitals worldwide to counteract the ever-increasing incidence of vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-variable Enterococcus faecium (VREfm and VVEfm), but it is important to balance patient safety, infection prevention, and hospital costs.

Aim: To investigate the impact of ending VREfm/VVEfm screening and isolation at Odense University Hospital (OUH), Denmark, on patient and clinical characteristics, risk of bacteraemia, and mortality of VREfm/VVEfm disease at OUH. The burden of VREfm/VVEfm bacteraemia at OUH and the three collaborative hospitals in the Region of Southern Denmark (RSD) was also investigated.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including first-time VREfm/VVEfm clinical isolates (index isolates) detected at OUH and collaborative hospitals in the period 2015-2022. The intervention period with screening and isolation was from 2015 to 2021, and the post-intervention period was 2022. Information about clinical isolates was retrieved from microbiological databases. Patient data were obtained from hospital records.

Findings: At OUH, 436 patients were included in the study, with 285 in the intervention period and 151 in the post-intervention period. Ending screening and isolation was followed by an increased number of index isolates. Besides a change in van genes, only minor non-significant changes were detected in all the other investigated parameters. Mortality within 30 days did not reflect the VREfm/VVEfm-attributable deaths, and in only four cases was VREfm/VVEfm infection the likely cause of death.

Conclusion: Despite an increasing number of index isolates, nothing in the short follow-up period supported a reintroduction of screening and isolation.

Keywords: Enterococcus faecium; Isolation; Morbidity; Mortality; Treatment; Vancomycin.

MeSH terms

  • Bacteremia* / epidemiology
  • Cross Infection* / epidemiology
  • Cross Infection* / microbiology
  • Cross Infection* / prevention & control
  • Denmark / epidemiology
  • Enterococcus faecium* / genetics
  • Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections* / epidemiology
  • Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections* / microbiology
  • Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections* / prevention & control
  • Hospitals, University
  • Humans
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Vancomycin
  • Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci* / genetics

Substances

  • Vancomycin