Objective: To analyze the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province and to evaluate the effectiveness of the childhood hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) immunization program. Methods: From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 4 883 adolescents aged 0-14 years were selected from 25 villages or communities of 18 provincial-level cities in Henan Province by using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. The 3 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 0-4 years and 5 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 5-14 years to test HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb. Data on vaccination were collected through Henan Provincial Immunization Information System and hepatitis B cases in Henan Province were collected through China Infectious Disease Reporting System. The effectiveness of the childhood HepB immunization program was analyzed. Results: The average age of 4 883 subjects was (7.32±2.81) years old. The positive rates of HBsAg and HBcAb were 0.1% (7/4 883) and 1.0% (50/4 883), and the population standardized rates were 0.3% and 1.7%. In 2002, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province was 3.39%. Compared with that in 2002, the number of chronic HBV infections among adolescents in Henan Province in 2022 decreased by about 0.7 million. In 2002, the vaccination rate of newborns who completed all three doses of vaccine was 6.26%. In 2003, the vaccination rate of the hepatitis B vaccine rose rapidly, reaching 90% in 2013 for the first time. After 2014, the vaccination rate in Henan Province continued to remain above 95%. The proportion of cases among children aged 1-4 years in clinical reports decreased from 0.43% (1 108/256 566) in 2006 to 0.01% (78/80 655) in 2021. The proportion of cases among adolescents aged 5-19 years decreased from 18.21% (46 710/256 566) in 2006 to 1.1% (827/80 655) in 2021. Conclusions: From 2002 to 2022, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years has decreased significantly in Henan Province. The effectiveness of the HepB immunization program for children is good.
目的： 分析河南省0~14岁青少年人群乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒感染血清流行病学特征及对儿童乙肝疫苗免疫规划效果进行初步评估。 方法： 于2021年9月至2022年3月，以河南省18个省辖市的村/社区为研究现场，采用多阶段随机整群抽样的方法，抽取25个村或者社区的4 883名0~14岁青少年人群为研究对象。通过调查问卷收集人口学资料，并对0~4岁对象采集3 ml血样，5~14岁对象采集5 ml血样，检测HBsAg、HBcAb和HBsAb。通过河南省免疫信息系统收集乙肝疫苗接种数据，通过中国传染病报告系统收集河南省的乙肝病例，并分析儿童乙肝疫苗免疫规划效果。 结果： 4 883名研究对象年龄为（7.32±2.81）岁，HBsAg和HBcAb的阳性率分别为0.1%（7/4 883）和1.0%（50/4 883），按照人口标化后的率分别为0.3%和1.7%。2002年河南省0~14岁青少年人群HBsAg阳性率为3.39%，与2002年相比，2022年河南省0~14岁青少年人群减少了约70万HBV慢性感染者。2002年出生的新生儿完成全部3针次疫苗接种率为6.26%，2003年乙肝疫苗接种率迅速上升，2013年首次达到90%，2014年后河南省乙肝接种率持续保持在95%以上。临床报告病例中1~4岁儿童病例的占比由2006年的0.43%（1 108/256 566）下降至2021年的0.01%（78/80 655）；5~19岁青少年病例的占比由2006年18.21%（46 710/256 566）下降到2021年的1.1%（827/80 655）。 结论： 2002—2022年河南省0~14岁青少年人群的HBsAg阳性率明显下降；儿童乙肝疫苗免疫规划的实施效果较好。.