Serum urate is associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Song Zhang; Xue Fang; Le Kang; Xiang-Yu Sui; Miao Liu; Yu-Jia Luo; Shuo Fu; Zhao-Shen Li; Sheng-Bing Zhao; Yu Bai

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i5.891

Serum urate is associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

World J Clin Cases. 2024 Feb 16;12(5):891-902. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i5.891.

Authors

Song Zhang¹, Xue Fang¹, Le Kang¹, Xiang-Yu Sui¹, Miao Liu¹, Yu-Jia Luo¹, Shuo Fu¹, Zhao-Shen Li^{2

3

4}, Sheng-Bing Zhao^{2

3

4}, Yu Bai⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
² Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
³ Digestive Endoscopy Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
⁴ National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai 200433, China.
⁵ Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China. changhaibaiyu@smmu.edu.cn.

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have indicated bidirectional associations between urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, it remains unclear whether the observations are causal because of confounding factors.

Aim: To investigate the causal associations between urate levels and IBD using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Independent genetic variants for urate levels and IBD were selected as instrumental variables from published genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary statistics for instrument-outcome associations were retrieved from three separate databases for IBD (the UK Biobank, the FinnGen database and a large GWAS meta-analysis) and one for urate levels (a large GWAS meta-analysis). MR analyses included the inverse-variance-weighted method, weighted-median estimator, MR-Egger and sensitivity analyses (MR-PRESSO). A meta-analysis was also conducted to merge the data from separate outcome databases using a fixed-effects model.

Results: Genetically higher serum urate levels were strongly associated with an increased risk of UC [odds ratio (OR): 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.86-2.05] after outlier correction, and the ORs (95%CIs) for IBD and CD were 0.94 (95%CI: 0.86-1.03) and 0.91 (95%CI: 0.80-1.04), respectively. Animal studies have confirmed the positive association between urate levels and UC. Moreover, genetically predicted IBD was inversely related to urate levels (OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94-0.99). However, no association was observed between genetically influenced UC or CD and urate levels.

Conclusion: Urate levels might be risk factors for UC, whereas genetically predicted IBD was inversely associated with urate levels. These findings provide essential new insight for treating and preventing IBD.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Inflammatory bowel disease; Mendelian randomization; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Urate levels.