Food Insecurity and Feeding Experiences Among Parents of Young Children in Australia: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Responsive feeding is a reciprocal process between caregiver and child that is primarily child-led. It is linked to the development of positive eating behaviors and food preferences. There is evidence that household chaos, family dynamics, the quality of mealtime routines, financial hardship, and food insecurity can impact the feeding relationship.

Objective: This study explored factors influencing feeding experiences among Australian parents with young children experiencing financial hardship, including household chaos and food insecurity.

Design: This qualitative semi-structured interview study was conducted as a component of a larger research program to design and evaluate a parent program to support responsive feeding practices in Australian families experiencing financial hardship and food insecurity.

Participants/setting: Participants were caregivers of a child aged 6 months to 3 years (n = 29), living in Australia, who self-identified as experiencing financial hardship. Interviews were conducted in person and via telephone between August 2021 and January 2022.

Analysis: Transcripts were analyzed using the Framework Method of thematic analysis.

Results: Five key themes were generated: family tensions heightened through hardship, making tradeoffs and sacrifices, the unseen mental load, the inescapable impact of COVID-19, and resiliency and being creative. Despite facing multiple hardships and challenges with feeding the family, parents demonstrated resilience and capabilities through creative food resource management and organizational skills. Parents experienced a high mental load through the cognitive and emotional work of planning, adapting, anticipating, and caring for the family's needs through meals and child feeding.

Conclusions: Programs to support child feeding need to consider the high mental load families with food insecurity experience and how this can impact parents' capacity. Program content should be contextually sensitive to the experience of food insecurity and consider the constraints inherent in families and communities while building on capabilities and strengths.

Keywords: child; food Insecurity; parents; qualitative research; responsive feeding.