Pesticide residues in fresh Mazafati date fruit, soil, and water, and assessment of potential health risks to consumers

Abstract

A quantitative method based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technique (QuEChERS) sample extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was evolved for the determination of 47 pesticide residues in fresh Mazafati date fruits from Bam City of Kerman Province, Iran. The recoveries for selected pesticides ranged from 88 to 110% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 20% at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg kg^-1. The proposed method had a linear range from the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 1.00 mg kg^-1, and the LOQ of the 47 pesticides was ≤ 0.005 mg kg^-1. The coefficients of determination (R²) were more than 0.99. This technique was used on 12 fresh date fruits samples, three water samples, and three soil samples with three replications per sample. Forty-seven pesticide were detected collectively, but only diazinon was detected in the date fruit samples. The mean value of diazinon residues was 0.037 mg kg^-1, and the concentration of diazinon in most samples was below the national maximum residue limit (MRL) for date fruit (0.05 mg kg^-1). Among the pesticides measured, diazinon residues were also detected in the water samples, but not in the soil samples. The dietary intake assessment showed no health risk to humans from the consumption of fresh date fruit concerning the pesticides investigated.

Keywords: Date fruit; Diazinon; Health risk assessment; Monte Carlo simulation; Pesticide residues; UHPLC-MS/MS.