Endovascular Treatment as an Alternative to Bypass Surgery for Juxtarenal Aortic Occlusion: Results from the CHAOS (CHronic Abdominal Aortic Occlusion, ASian Multicenter) Registry

Ann Vasc Surg. 2024 Jul:104:174-184. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.12.090. Epub 2024 Mar 16.

Abstract

Background: Juxtarenal aortic occlusion (JRAO), in which the occlusion of the aorta extends to just below the renal artery, is often treated by bypass surgery because of concerns about the risk of procedural failure and fatal embolization to abdominal organs when treated with endovascular treatment (EVT). This study assessed the outcome of EVT for JRAO compared with aorto-biiliac /aorto-bifemoral (AOB) or axillo-bifemoral (AXB) bypass.

Methods: A retrospective review of an international database created by 30 centers in Asia (CHronic Abdominal Aortic Occlusion, ASian Multicenter registry) was performed for patients who underwent revascularization for chronic total occlusion of the infrarenal aorta from 2007 to 2017. Of the 436 patients, 130 with JRAO (Forty-seven AOBs, 32 AXBs, and 51 EVTs) from 25 institutions were included in this study.

Results: Patients were significantly older in the AXB and EVT groups and more malnourished in the EVT group than the AOB group. EVT was attempted but failed in 1 patient. Seven patients (1 [2.1%] in the AOB group, 1 [3.1%] in the AXB group, and 5 [9.8%] in the EVT group) died during hospitalization, but most of the causes in the EVT group were not related to the revascularization procedure. No visceral embolism was observed, which had been concerned, even though protection was performed only in 2 cases of the EVT group. At the latest follow-up (median duration 3.0 years), the ankle-brachial pressure index was significantly higher in the order of AOB, EVT, and AXB. At 4 years, the estimated primary and secondary patency rates of the AOB group (87.5% and 90.3%, respectively) were significantly higher than the AXB group (66.7% and 68.6%, respectively).

Conclusions: AOB remains the gold standard and should be the first choice for acceptable risk patients. For frail patients, EVT is a good option and likely preferable as a first-line treatment compared to AXB.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aorta, Abdominal* / diagnostic imaging
  • Aorta, Abdominal* / physiopathology
  • Aorta, Abdominal* / surgery
  • Aortic Diseases* / diagnostic imaging
  • Aortic Diseases* / mortality
  • Aortic Diseases* / physiopathology
  • Aortic Diseases* / surgery
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases* / diagnostic imaging
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases* / physiopathology
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases* / surgery
  • Asia
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation* / adverse effects
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation* / instrumentation
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation* / mortality
  • Chronic Disease
  • Databases, Factual
  • Endovascular Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Endovascular Procedures* / instrumentation
  • Endovascular Procedures* / mortality
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / therapy
  • Registries*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vascular Patency