Chenopodium Ambrosioides Linn Mitigates Bone Loss in Rats with Periodontitis

Diego Thiers Oliveira Carneiro; Michael Douglas da Silva; Karla Vanessa Pinto Vasconcelos; Romero Dias; Vanessa Costa; Raquel Felipe Vasconcelos; Bárbara Carneiro; Gisele Barreto; Mirna Marques; Hellíada Chaves Vasconcelos; Howard Lopes Ribeiro Júnior; Jonas Nogueira Ferreira Maciel Gusmão; Helson da Silveira; Renata Leitão; Gerly Anne Brito; Karuza Maria Alves Pereira; Delane Viana Gondim; Paula Goes

doi:10.30476/dentjods.2023.95767.1891

Chenopodium Ambrosioides Linn Mitigates Bone Loss in Rats with Periodontitis

J Dent (Shiraz). 2024 Mar 1;25(1):59-67. doi: 10.30476/dentjods.2023.95767.1891. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Authors

Diego Thiers Oliveira Carneiro¹, Michael Douglas da Silva¹, Karla Vanessa Pinto Vasconcelos¹, Romero Dias¹, Vanessa Costa¹, Raquel Felipe Vasconcelos¹, Bárbara Carneiro², Gisele Barreto¹, Mirna Marques³, Hellíada Chaves Vasconcelos³, Howard Lopes Ribeiro Júnior¹, Jonas Nogueira Ferreira Maciel Gusmão¹, Helson da Silveira¹, Renata Leitão¹, Gerly Anne Brito¹, Karuza Maria Alves Pereira¹, Delane Viana Gondim¹, Paula Goes⁴

Affiliations

¹ Dept. of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
² Post Graduation Program of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
³ Post Graduation Program in Health Science, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
⁴ Dept. of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.

Abstract

Statement of the problem: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes bone loss. Some patients do not respond well to the classic treatment and need therapies that minimize bone loss, the main sequel of the disease. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. has stood out due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, no study has yet investigated its effect on periodontitis.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the bone protective effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (CAL) extract on ligature-induced periodontitis model in rats.

Materials and method: For this, a pre-clinical assay was performed, using male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: Naive (N) (n=6), not submitted to any procedure; Saline (SAL) (n=6), submitted to ligature-induced periodontitis and receiving 2 ml/kg of 0.9% saline solution; and CAL extract, which was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n=6/subgroup) receiving the CAL at 3 (CAL3), 10 (CAL10) or 30 mg/kg (CAL30). All agents were given, by oral gavage, 30 min before periodontitis induction and daily until euthanasia (11^th day). By then, maxillae were removed for macroscopic, histological, and histometric analyses. Kidneys, liver, and stomach were collected to evaluate the safety of CAL extract. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was used to investigate the flavonoid content in the extract.

Results: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extract at 30mg/kg showed a reduction by 58% in bone loss marked by an increase (+35%) in the number of osteoblasts and a reduction (-51%) on the number of osteoclasts (p< 0.05). No significant alteration in the liver, kidney, or stomach was seen. Rutin was the main flavonoid found.

Conclusion: In summary, it was observed that Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extract has shown important anti-inflammatory and bone anabolic and anti-resorptive properties without causing toxicity in the main organs. Rutin, as the main flavonoid of the extract, seems to be responsible for the beneficial effect of this agent.

Keywords: Flavonoids; Inflammation; Periodontitis; Rutin; Chenopodium ambrosioides.