Phosphocreatine Promotes Epigenetic Reprogramming to Facilitate Glioblastoma Growth Through Stabilizing BRD2

Cancer Discov. 2024 Aug 2;14(8):1547-1565. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-1348.

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits profound metabolic plasticity for survival and therapeutic resistance, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that GBM stem cells reprogram the epigenetic landscape by producing substantial amounts of phosphocreatine (PCr). This production is attributed to the elevated transcription of brain-type creatine kinase, mediated by Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1. PCr inhibits the poly-ubiquitination of the chromatin regulator bromodomain containing protein 2 (BRD2) by outcompeting the E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP for BRD2 binding. Pharmacological disruption of PCr biosynthesis by cyclocreatine (cCr) leads to BRD2 degradation and a decrease in its targets' transcription, which inhibits chromosome segregation and cell proliferation. Notably, cyclocreatine treatment significantly impedes tumor growth and sensitizes tumors to a BRD2 inhibitor in mouse GBM models without detectable side effects. These findings highlight that high production of PCr is a druggable metabolic feature of GBM and a promising therapeutic target for GBM treatment. Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits an adaptable metabolism crucial for survival and therapy resistance. We demonstrate that GBM stem cells modify their epigenetics by producing phosphocreatine (PCr), which prevents bromodomain containing protein 2 (BRD2) degradation and promotes accurate chromosome segregation. Disrupting PCr biosynthesis impedes tumor growth and improves the efficacy of BRD2 inhibitors in mouse GBM models.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Brain Neoplasms / genetics
  • Brain Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Brain Neoplasms / pathology
  • Bromodomain Containing Proteins
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / metabolism
  • Epigenesis, Genetic*
  • Glioblastoma* / drug therapy
  • Glioblastoma* / genetics
  • Glioblastoma* / metabolism
  • Glioblastoma* / pathology
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • BRD2 protein, human
  • Transcription Factors
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
  • Bromodomain Containing Proteins