Objective: To share our experience with belimumab in lupus pregnant women and to review the relevant published literature on its use in this scenario.
Methods: A prospective observational study of pregnant patients with lupus was conducted. Additionally, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched, and a secondary hand search of the literature was performed. Studies were evaluated and visualised descriptively.
Results: Sixteen pregnancies of 12 lupus women were included, six (involving eight pregnancies) received belimumab throughout their illness, five of them during some period of gestation. In this group, there was one miscarriage, one elective termination and seven live foetuses (including two live twins). There was one type I intrauterine growth retardation, and a preterm pregnancy due to premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). One mild lupus flare was detected. There were no cases of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus or hypertension. All neonates had normal Apgar scores at birth, none needed critical care. There were no congenital anomalies. After the search, we identified 10 case reports and case series, and five registries. Among the 39 reported cases (41 pregnancies), there were 5 PPROM, 4 pre-eclampsia, and 1 eclampsia. All women made full recoveries. Nineteen new-borns had low birth weight. There were no malformations. While registries did not indicate an increased risk of birth defects or pregnancy loss, there was a higher risk of neonatal infections.
Conclusions: Belimumab may be an option for pregnant women with difficult-to-control lupus. Further research is needed to confirm the absence of association between belimumab and foetal harm.
Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus; belimumab; pregnancy.