To understand the effects of different stover mulching amounts in no-tillage on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and enzyme activities, finding a stover mulching amount which can meet the requirement of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation while maximizing economic benefits, we conducted a long-term conservation tillage field experiment since 2007 in Mollisols area of Northeast China. We analyzed soil carbon and nitrogen contents, enzyme activities and economic benefits under conventional tillage (Control, CT), no-tillage without stover mulching (NT0), no-tillage with 33% stover mulching (NT33), no-tillage with 67% stover mulching (NT67), and no-tillage with 100% stover mulching (NT100) before planting in May 2020. The results showed that compared with CT, NT0 did not affect soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, but increased soil organic carbon recalcitrance and decreased the availability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and ammonium nitrogen. Compared with NT0, no-tillage with stover mulching significantly increased SOC contents in 0-10 cm layer and increased with the amounts of stover. In addition, NT67 and NT100 significantly increased SOC stocks, facilitating the accumulation of soil organic matter. The effects of different stover mulching amounts on soil nitrogen content in 0-10 cm layer were different. Specifically, NT33 increased DON content and DON/TN, NT67 increased DON content, while NT100 increased TN content. Compared with CT, NT0 decreased peroxidase (POD) activity in 0-10 cm layer. Compared with NT0, NT33 increased β-glucosidase (βG), cellobiase (CB), 1,4-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and POD activities, while NT67 only increased CB, NAG and POD activities in 0-10 cm soil layer, both alleviated microbial nutrient limitation. NT100 increased PPO activity in 10-20 cm layer. NT33 increased carbon conversion efficiency of stover compared with NT100, and had the highest economic benefit. In all, no-tillage with 33% stover mulching was the optimal strategy, which could promote nutrient circulation, boost stover utilization efficiency, improve the quality of Mollisols, and maximize guaranteed income.
为探究免耕条件下不同秸秆覆盖量对黑土碳氮含量及酶活性的影响,寻找既能满足土壤碳氮积累需求,又能使经济效益最大化的秸秆覆盖量,本研究依托始建于2007年的东北黑土区保护性耕作长期定位试验平台,于2020年5月春播前对传统耕作(对照,CT)、免耕+无秸秆覆盖(NT0)、免耕+33%秸秆覆盖(NT33)、免耕+67%秸秆覆盖(NT67)和免耕+100%秸秆覆盖(NT100)处理下土壤碳氮含量、土壤酶活性及经济效益进行分析。结果表明:1)与CT相比,NT0的土壤有机碳(SOC)和总氮(TN)含量没有显著变化,但提高了土壤有机质抗分解性,降低了可溶性有机氮(DON)和铵态氮等可利用养分含量。与NT0相比,免耕秸秆覆盖显著增加了0～10 cm土层SOC含量,且随着覆盖量的增加而增加,此外NT67和NT100还显著提高了SOC储量,有机质积累效果好。不同秸秆覆盖量对0～10 cm土层土壤氮的影响不同,NT33显著提高了DON含量及其占TN的比例;NT67显著提高了DON含量;NT100显著提高了TN含量。2)与CT相比,NT0显著降低了0～10 cm土层过氧化物酶(POD)活性。与NT0相比,NT33显著提高了0～10 cm土层β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、纤维二糖酶(CB)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和POD活性,NT67仅提高了CB、NAG和POD活性,但二者均缓解了微生物养分氮限制;NT100则显著提高了10～20 cm土层PPO活性。3)NT33的秸秆碳转化效率显著高于NT100,其经济收益也最高。综上,免耕33%秸秆覆盖处理既能促进养分循环,提高秸秆利用效率,提升黑土质量,又能最大限度保证农民收入,是本试验条件下的最佳组合。.
Keywords: conservation tillage; soil carbon and nitrogen; soil enzyme; stover mulching amount.