SIK1 Downregulates Synaptic AMPA Receptors and Contributes to Cognitive Defects in Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

A reduction in AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression and weakened synaptic activity is early cellular phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular processes leading to AMPAR downregulation are complex and remain less clear. Here, we report that the salt inducible kinase SIK1 interacts with AMPARs, leading to a reduced accumulation of AMPARs at synapses. SIK1 protein level is sensitive to amyloid beta (Aβ) and shows a marked increase in the presence of Aβ and in AD brains. In neurons, Aβ incubation causes redistribution of SIK1 to synaptic sites and enhances SIK1-GluA1 association. SIK1 function is required for Aβ-induced AMPAR reduction. Importantly, in 3xTG AD mice, knockdown of SIK1 in the brain leads to restoration of AMPAR expression and a rescue of the cognitive deficits. These findings indicate an important role for SIK1 in meditating the cellular and functional pathology in AD.

Keywords: AMPA receptor; AMPK; Alzheimer’s disease; SIK1; Synapse; Ubiquitination.